Here's an overview of 8 regional varieties of British English. A person with an Estuary English accent sometimes drops the letter T, or the letter H, for example, but not always. “The fact that we even call it ‘upward mobility’ is questionable – it’s not very upwards in my perspective.”, In 1992, the Essex Chronicle commissioned an Anglia University academic to write a report about the way people from Essex were portrayed in the press. Didnt think he had an accent until someone from the London overspill called him a carrot cruncher, shocked him, speakers think people should move back … If Essex did not exist, they would need to invent it. If the foundations for the modern idea of Essex were laid during Thatcher’s first term, it was the deregulation of the City of London in 1986, during her second term, that turbocharged its development. During the American Revolution, the English language started to change in Britain. Some adopt the accent as a means of "blending in" to appear to be more working class or in an attempt to appear to be "a common man". Essex was voted the sexiest accent / Channel 4. Before the influx, his classmates were the children of farmers and agricultural labourers, with old Essex accents more akin to the rounded rural burr of Suffolk or Norfolk. A place that offered hope to working-class Londoners in the form of “new towns” such as Basildon and Harlow, which were built by the state to meet dire housing, sanitation and civic needs after the second world war. Places such as Thurrock, an industrial Thameside Essex borough composed of towns fringed by marshland and ports on the river – including Tilbury, where the Windrush docked – are diversifying rapidly. It contains a quarter of the most deprived areas of Essex, despite housing an eighth of its total population, and is the sixth most unequal town in the country. Despite the similarity between the two dialects, the following characteristics of Cockney pronunciation are generally not present in Estuary English: Estuary English is widely encountered throughout southeast England, particularly among the young. Much of South Woodham’s early development was funded by the supermarket chain Asda and it was built according to a set of guidelines created by Essex county council, known as the Essex Design Guide. The old Essex accent. Essex Voices Past. While the new town was painted as the centre of the Essex phenomenon, it didn’t fit into the picture of Essex as a place for the newly wealthy to make hay. The caricature wasn’t exactly new: Ian Dury’s 1977 song Billericay Dickie had told the story of a self-starting lothario from Essex’s cockney diaspora who was “doing very well”. It is embraced by politicians who celebrate it as the home of no-nonsense, “real” people – David Cameron hired the ex-Basildon Echo reporter Andy Coulson as his head of comms – but also mocked for these same qualities, often by the very same political classes who praise its authenticity. Home ownership passed 50% in 1970 – not under the Conservatives, but under Labour, the party that built the welfare state. Norman Tebbit (left) and the new towns of Harlow and Basildon in the 1950s and 60s. IO’s memory of falling in love for first time when a baby in pram. Instead, although not a perfect replica, a modern-day Essex accent is notably a descendent of cockney. Essex named sexiest British accent followed closely by, um, Glaswegian . E. ssex has been voted the sexiest accent … Essex has long been denigrated, its people viewed with condescension, parts of its flat and treeless landscape disregarded. The Conservative party may have succeeded in identifying the desires of these children of London, but it didn’t offer much to satisfy them. Estuary English may be compared with Cockney, and there is some debate among linguists as to where Cockney speech ends and Estuary English begins.[1][2][3][4]. “A healthy, self-respecting, dignified person with a sense of beauty, culture and civic pride. And so a new sub-species was born: Basildon man, who was really just Essex man under a new name. ", "The case of Estuary English: supposed evidence and a perceptual approach", "A contribution to an Essex dialect dictionary", http://roa.rutgers.edu/content/article/files/1208_amos_1.pdf, "Archivists launch campaign to save Essex accent", The Imperilled Inheritance: dialect and folklife studies at the University of Leeds 1946-1962, Part 1: Harold Orton and the English Dialect Survey, "Estuary English: is English going Cockney? “For us it was a dream come true.”, Before winner-takes-all individualism came to represent Essex, the building of Harlow and Basildon embodied, through their architecture and planning, a utopian vision of society. Photograph: Peter Macdiarmid/Getty, The invention of Essex: how a county became a caricature, s a child growing up in the 80s and 90s in Southend, a sprawling seaside town in south-east. Both towns became home to many east Londoners whose homes had been destroyed by German bombing raids in the war. [48] The pattern of speech in some of Charles Dickens' books pertain to Kentish dialect, as the author lived at Higham, was familiar with the mudflats near Rochester and created a comic character Sam Weller who spoke the local accent, principally Kentish but with strong London influences. In 1998, an 18-year-old student from Harlow called Tracy made the front pages after she was ridiculed by a Cambridge don at her interview for a place at Trinity College. But the people who didn’t make it there and were still languishing in Basildon or Harlow were even worse. Two of the first wave of new towns, built in the late 1940s and the 50s, were located in Essex: Basildon on the Thames estuary and Harlow near Epping Forest. Essex was “highly unionised, with the Dagenham workers [at the Ford plant],” Tebbit recalled. Basildon, once a beacon of Labour’s postwar consensus politics, voted for Thatcher in every election she fought – until the name of the town itself came to somehow represent the societal shift that had taken place from socialist-influenced policymaking to I’m-all-right-Jack Thatcherism. Head to London to take a day trip to Essex and discover the accent. “It was awesome to see that transformation,” he told me on a warm late-summer afternoon in his vast back garden in Great Leighs, an Essex village not far from where he grew up. The old Essex accent might be a mix of Cockney due to being closer to London, and the Norfolk/Suffolk accent. [14] Peter Roach comments, "In reality there is no such accent and the term should be used with care. The label actually refers to the lower middle-class accents, as opposed to working-class accents, of the Home Counties Modern Dialect area". “They tell me he is one of Her Majesty’s ministers.” This aspirational trajectory became Tebbit’s brand: he even called his memoirs Upwardly Mobile. Ad hoc settlements also appeared. The idea originates from the sociolinguistic observation that some people in public life who would previously have been expected to speak with an RP accent now find it acceptable to speak with some characteristics of the London area... such as glottal stops, which would in earlier times have caused comment or disapproval". By Tim Burrows, Last modified on Mon 20 Jul 2020 22.35 BST, As a child growing up in the 80s and 90s in Southend, a sprawling seaside town in south-east Essex, I noticed that people on TV often laughed at the very word Essex. The constituency included the new town of Harlow, with its unionised East End diaspora, many of whom worked at the Ford plant in Dagenham and voted Labour. When we spoke last year at his house in Bury St Edmunds, Tebbit didn’t recall having discussed Essex with Thatcher, but he was clear that it “fitted with what I wanted to do and what she wanted to do”. 10. “He expects to win whether he’s the best or not.”. British accents vary depending on who you're asking and where you are in the British Isles. Apparently the Essex accent is the sexiest in the UK? The Essex shore is home to more than 40 islands – although no one can quite agree on exactly how many – with grimly exotic names such as Lower Horse, Cindery and Foulness. "Most people think an Essex accent is the typical estuary accent. “There was a poem by TS Eliot which included a line of Greek,” Tracy Playle told the Daily Mail. Britain was in perpetual economic turmoil in the 1970s, yet the economy of the south-east flourished in comparison to other regions, in particular the northern towns. “There is still a conversation, even today, black folk in London saying to me, seriously: ‘What are you doing in Essex?’” says Southend-based artist Elsa James, whose work addresses stereotypes of people of African-Caribbean heritage and those of Essex women. The invention of Essex: how a county became a caricature – podcast, Canvey Island, 2011. “These were the people who turned their backs on Labour and thought that by buying their own houses in a new neighbourhood, hanging net curtains to shut themselves off from a world they didn’t have to look at and thus care about, they could take over the country for themselves.”, Then, in words that seem like they could have been lifted from a present-day jeremiad against leave voters, Fanshawe continued: “Not that they knew that was what they were doing, or understood the effect it might have on the rest of us. Occasionally words are prefixed by S, such as scringing for cringing, and some words appear to have been formed by imitation of sound, such as bobbery and bonx. Pitched against such evidence, the myth of Essex as the great Thatcherite success story says more about the will of the Conservative commentariat than anything else. Essex people were damned if they did and damned if they didn’t. Their pitch was based on the promise of prosperity and home ownership, rather than the Labour party’s old appeals to class solidarity. England 90 female, 19, 1988, white, Billericay (Essex) England 91 female, 46, 1966, white, Southampton (Hampshire) and U.S. England 105 male, 29, 1989, white/Indian, Reigate (Surrey) England 107 male, 51, 1968, white, Brighton . His star has risen in line with an increasing demand for polarising soundbites on Brexit: infamous moments include Francois angrily quoting Tennyson behind a picture of Margaret Thatcher, angrily ripping up a letter from the German CEO of Airbus about Brexit on live TV and angrily making a throat-slitting gesture as Theresa May spoke in the Commons. With industrialisation, east London swelled with a new breed of hustler who, if they couldn’t find a job in a factory or on the docks, might take a chance hawking wares down the market or collecting rubbish from the street, hoping to sell it on. After Margaret Thatcher became its leader in 1975, the Conservative party ramped up its efforts to win over voters who had moved to places like South Woodham. “They had a serious work ethic,” he said. The invention of “Essex” is, above all, a political story. In 1980, when the new Conservative government gave council tenants the right to buy their homes, the policy was launched with a photo opportunity in the kitchen of a terraced house at 39 Amersham Road in Harold Hill, the large estate in Romford built in the 50s by London county council, which had been sold to its council tenants, the Patterson family, for just over £8,000. Cockney. OK, I'm starting to question these 1.5million social audience. (Volkswagen’s head office in Germany eventually overruled the decision.). Perhaps the most famous British accent other than R.P. London Regional General British → London General, Another split that has been reported is the. “The life I’d come from was so different to that,” said Steadman. Please select a sample from the list below. But it was Essex man that would last. Amazingly, there are 56 recognised accents in the UK. London. After Thatcher made him secretary of state for employment in 1981, Tebbit changed the law to require shop-floor workers to vote in a ballot, effectively leaving the unions unable to force industrial action. The Sharonisation panic peaked when it was reported later that year that Volkswagen had dropped the name for the British version of its new people carrier, Sharan, because it sounded too much like the Birds of a Feather character. My wife, Hayley, grew up in South Woodham and went to the same primary school as Heffer (although a couple of decades later). They tend to use mostly RP vowel sounds. As London’s financial industry expanded eastwards to include the derelict docklands where the parents of the new residents of Essex had once worked, the legend of the barrow-boy done good in the City started to grow. My great-grandmother moved to south Essex from Leytonstone, which is now in east London, in the 1920s, and her carpenter husband built a house in a woodland clearing that had fast become a DIY suburb. “But I’m sure you are not like that.”. The sociolinguist Peter Trudgill has written that the term "Estuary English" is inappropriate because "it suggests that we are talking about a new variety, which we are not; and because it suggests that it is a variety of English confined to the banks of the Thames estuary, which it is not. [9], Note that some other authors[10] use the name Popular London to refer to Cockney itself. When the compulsory purchase orders were put in to obtain the land to build the new towns, plotlanders and farmers protested against what one placard called “legalised robbery”. The play’s most enduring creation was Beverly, a monstrous, power-dressing proponent of bettering oneself through consumer choice. In all reality, the standard British accent was the one that changed significantly in the last two centuries while the American accent stayed more or less the same. But the spectre of Essex man is still haunting our politics – now as a gung-ho hard Brexiteer. “You look for a pub where there is an Aston Martin parked outside and say: there is money in there.”, These women were the early adopters of the consumer lifestyle that became so tightly linked to Essex. If you were to draw a diagonal line from the south-west of the county to the north-east, it would measure 55 miles in length, although the creeks and inlets on its eastern side make the Essex coastline at least 400 miles. Luckily (or unluckily depending on your point of view), in Essex we've got a fairly distinctive accent, with TOWIE a big part of the reason it is known around the world. The scholar Alan Cruttenden uses the term London Regional General British[5][6] in preference to the popular term 'Estuary English'. “They did anything they could to better themselves.”. And there is the small matter of the Windrush, the ship that carried about 500 migrants from the Caribbean and docked in Tilbury in 1948. Perhaps one reason the Essex myth persists is the allure of an “authentic” England – whose views coincidentally always align with the politician currently invoking them. Essex is not part of the metropolitan bubble … People have got their feet on the ground.”. "Just take the accent," says Luke Wright, a 28-year-old poet from Essex. Other possible mergers include the following: This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 01:22. My baffling text was finally solved. In contrast to the European-influenced modernism of new towns such as Basildon – which one Tory minister had dubbed “little Moscow on the Thames” – the architecture of South Woodham was more traditional, with triangular roofs and nods to Essex’s agricultural heritage in the form of wooden weatherboarding. What it offered instead was an illusory promise. Yet Tebbit beat Newens by offering Thatcherism before Thatcher, arguing that the government should abolish council housing while aggressively attacking Newens for his leftwing values. At the wake in Kensington, to cheer everyone up, Heffer told the story about the bloke on the train. “That was the moment I realised that nothing is for ever.”. In 1972, Essex county council initiated work on a new development south of Woodham Ferrers, which was imaginatively named South Woodham Ferrers. Any accent I did have 'bred out of me' at university 00:00:10; anywhen; somewhen 00:00:27; apples and pears; dog and bone; frog and toad 00:00:24; appropes; potensh; probs; defs; thrab 00:00:34 (1 of 6) Opie, Iona: Father away during IO’s childhood. “When one walks through the City most evenings, the pools of vomit into which one may step have usually been put there by Essex man, whose greatly enhanced wealth has exceeded his breeding in terms of alcoholic capacity,” he wrote. Essex accent voted sexiest in the UK, Glaswegian second. For the dialect of Old English, see, "Estuary English - A controversial Issue? After the second world war, Clement Attlee’s Labour government proposed the creation of a number of new towns, mainly built in the countryside around London, to answer Britain’s housing shortage. I sometimes think of Essex itself as an island, separated from the county of Kent to its south and Suffolk to its north by the rivers Thames and Stour, from Hertfordshire to its west by the M11, and from London, loosely, by the M25 that skirts the south-west of the county. It’s an accent that’s become much more well known thanks to reality TV shows starring people from Essex, much to everyone else’s chagrin. Between 1921 and 1932, the population of Dagenham rose from 9,127 to 89,362 – an increase of 879%, largely thanks to the construction of Becontree, the largest council estate in the world. [15], Foulkes & Docherty (1999) state "All of its [EE's] features can be located on a sociolinguistic and geographical continuum between RP and Cockney, and are spreading not because Estuary English is a coherent and identifiable influence, but because the features represent neither the standard nor the extreme non-standard poles of the continuum". “Heard a chap on the radio this morning talking with a Cockney accent,” the old Etonian Tory PM Harold Macmillan said after hearing Tebbit’s voice for the first time. To some observers, it seemed as if a new kind of English person was taking over – and his rapid ascent, bypassing the traditional requirements of public school education and deference to hierarchy, seemed to threaten the very fabric of the establishment. The people who “made it” and moved to a big house in South Woodham Ferrers or Chigwell were never going to be taken seriously in the upper echelons of British society. Just as not everyone north of Manchester is a cloth-cap-wearing leave voter and most people in Islington don’t eat quinoa for breakfast, it’s not hard to discover that most people in Essex aren’t much like those seen on Towie. The 37-year old gave fans a glimpse of her luxurious pad that features a vint… [42], There are audio examples available on the British Library website and BBC sources for the older Kentish dialect,[43] and an Essex Dialect Handbook has been published; the Essex County Records office has recorded a CD of the sounds of Essex dialect speakers in an effort to preserve the dialect. 6. “Everyone loves a good Essex girl story, don’t they? “But the policies were so damaging if you look at unemployment, you look at the industry. Essex has one of the most distinct representations in the country-but also one of the worst. Manufacturing firms such as Yardley cosmetics in Basildon were given grants to set up in the new towns, while Harlow’s town centre featured work by the English sculptor Barbara Hepworth, all of which implied that the future of the UK was to be guided by civic-minded, social democratic ideals. People who speak with an Essex accent face discrimination, study finds . ", "Caught between Aristotle and Miss Marple… – A proposal for a perceptual prototype approach to 'Estuary English, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, "Estuary English and RP: Some Recent Findings", "Transcribing Estuary English: a discussion document", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estuary_English&oldid=1000190429#Traditional_Essex_and_Kent, Short description is different from Wikidata, Language articles with speaker number undated, Dialects of languages with ISO 639-3 code, Language articles without reference field, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. (He was lovingly described as “every bit an Essex man” by Quentin Letts in the Daily Mail in 2009.) But before Essex was a punchline, it was a dream. Some are not much more than a lump of hardy grass protruding from a river; others, such as Canvey and Mersea, are inhabited by thousands of people who trace their roots back to London, as much of Essex can. The names listed above may be abbreviated: Some authors[8] use different names for EE closer to Cockney (Popular London) and EE closer to Received Pronunciation (London Regional Standard or South-Eastern Regional Standard). “Essex has suffered so much; the new towns, the vast growth and overspill of London, the lancing through of motorways,” wrote the naturalist and author, JA Baker. As the century progressed, however, parts of Essex came to represent the dismantling of this dream, as Thatcherism, the UK arm of the global new right movement that believed in lower taxes and lower public spending alongside deregulation and privatisation, became indelibly linked to the county. A grammar-school boy, Tebbit preached the gospel of self-improvement from the beginning of his political career; he was already advocating a free-market agenda when first agitating to become an MP in the 1960s. What it means in Essex: To go to a salon and purchase a brown liquid, mousse, or cream for application to your skin, usually with a designated tanning mitten. In the 90s, the centre-left thinktank Demos conducted a survey of skilled workers in Basildon: in 1992, 64% earned less than £15,000 (£22,000 in today’s money), relatively poor by the standards of the south-east; by 1997, 32% earned less than £10,000. Rural/agricultural Essex accent: speaker grew up near farms around old farm workers, learnt his accent from them, different to east London/south east Essex accent. The Essex accent is revealed to be the worst in Britain as women admit to swooning over a soft Irish twang. “There wasn’t that thing of Essex girls, yet,” Steadman told me on the phone recently. (Inglewood also blamed the influence of Essex for increasing “public bad manners, aggressiveness and yobbishness” in the party.) [44][45][46] The Survey of English Dialects investigated 15 sites in Essex, most of which were in the rural north of the county and one of which was on Mersea Island—an unusually high number of sites, being second only to Yorkshire. They were far too self-centred for that.”. Barking and Dagenham lost 48,500 council units to the sell-off, while in Basildon, home ownership shot up from 53% in 1981 to 71% in 1996. Contrary to popular belief, Brits really don't all sound like the Queen or Hollywood villains and according to Big 7 Travel, there are no less than 56 accents recognised within our tiny corner of the world (though there are likely a lot more). As London industrialised, it expanded eastwards, attracting migrants from across the country who were looking for employment. Look how Basildon has changed.”. His 1981 Tory conference speech, delivered in the wake of the race riots in Toxteth and Brixton – with its infamous line that his father, unemployed in the 1930s, “got on his bike” to look for work instead of rioting – is probably the best-known piece of British political oratory on the idea of meritocracy. One of the key architects of Thatcher’s revolution was an Essex boy, or near enough. There is no such thing as the "Essex accent", only that of a southern accent and that also depends on how well you were taught to speak. The dream of selling your council house, making loads of money and paying lower and lower taxes didn’t work out for everyone – but that didn’t discredit the power of the Essex myth. It developed as the dialect of the poorer working classes in the East End of London, and it’s still regarded as a … “This was a new time when they weren’t just going to sit in some little house somewhere and put up with it.”, Two years after Abigail’s Party made its debut, the working-class Essex enclave of Basildon, along with many Labour-voting constituencies in south-east England, switched to the Tories. “I believe we may well produce a new type of citizen,” Lewis Silkin, Labour’s minister for new towns, told the House of Commons in May 1948. South Woodham was not built under the watchful eye of an autonomous development company and funded by the state, as Basildon had been. If you were to draw a diagonal line from the south-west of the county to the north-east, it would measure 55 miles in length, although the creeks and inlets on its eastern side make the Essex coastline at least 400 miles. – podcast, Canvey Island, 2011 Follow the long Read on Twitter at @ gdnlongread, and England! Conservative, many Conservatives viewed him with a mixture of fear and.. South-East of England '' sometimes drops the letter H, for example, but under,... “ everyone loves a good Essex girl story, don ’ t article is about older dialects of English... Brummie or Scouse, telling the difference between certain areas can be tricky on Twitter at @ gdnlongread and. Seem to have much chance of winning ne of the London area society., in an Essex accent is notably a descendent of Cockney rest of the country that named them know only... Varieties, including L-vocalization e.g 10 ] use old essex accent name Popular London to refer to Cockney itself war against unionism... 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